Negative effects of mobile phones on social interactions and personal well being

Mobile phone technology has become a favorite method of communication among many people today. It is important to note that it has impacted negatively in their social life. Some of the challenges that this technology has brought and that will be explored in this essay include safety, communication, function, cost and evaluation issues.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Negative effects of mobile phones on social interactions and personal well being specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Communication matters Communication through the mobile phones has virtually changed the society and the way of life today. Individuals are able to pass information to friends in terms of phone conversations, text messages or e-mail. In the recent studies, up to 59.4% have expressed their likes for mobile phones as a means of communication and have lauded it for its efficiency (Bonde 154). For instance, Sweden is proud of having 81.9% of individuals who like communicating using the mobile phones. Other nations like Japan and America have demonstrated least like of mobile phones as important means of communication (Burgess 140). This could be due to social impacts that this gadget has on the society. While others in different parts of the world may like mobile phones because they use them to write text messages to friends and family, contact others and be contacted, and join social communities, others dislike it for reasons that they can’t be out of touch, they get disturbed, and that it forces them to respond when a call is made. Other reasons for dislike include the fact that it causes social disorder and that they regard text messaging as a stupid idea. Furthermore, mobile phone technology creates social gaps (Roosli 900). These greatly affect the well being of individuals. According to research studies, the poor who cannot access mobile phones for communication have been left out of the communica ting class (Roosli 900). This has created the troubling idea of socio-economic classes and whereby the poor cannot access or be accessed by others (Baron 12). These problems could be due to lack of capital, social barriers, deficiency in infrastructure and technological barriers. The fact that others are able to contact friends, send text messages and join social groups while others can’t plays a role in affecting the well being of the latter group (Bonde 154). Another issue posing a problem to communication is misinformation. The debilitating and confusing information can be due to effects of the environment the mobile phone user is in, noise and lack of coherent order of information (Calabrà ² Magazu 611).Advertising Looking for critical writing on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Misinformation has dangerous effects in the society as it can cause potential disastrous consequences from ill-founded de cisions, misunderstandings that may cause political and military espionage and other related issues (Bryant Oliver 595). Those who like mobile phones least understand the possible effects of social disorder that that misinformation in mobile phone communication can cause. Safety concerns The changes that have been brought by the mobile phones in terms of safety affects both the old and the young. Even though most students find it beneficial to use the phones to communicate to their parents during emergencies, it is worth observing that it has its many pros and cons (Baron 12). Research studies have indicated that individuals in different countries have expressed their likes and dislikes of mobile phones based on both good and bad effects. The continuum if responses from mobile phone users in Japan and Sweden over their safety included issues of high crime in Japan while radiation and brain damage issues caused fear among Swedish citizens (Gelbrich 44). Also, other social issues that affect individuals in the society and especially among the students are arranging drug deals, and cheating in tests. These have significant roles in causing distraction on their studies and eventually affect their grades. Certainly, there are other safety issues affecting the society due to mobile phones. The prominent problem that has been affecting many people is the issue of radiations. Daily use of mobile phones have posed medical threats to users and caused safety concerns among practitioners (Bryant Oliver 595). Even though some users may find it appropriate and convenient to use mobile phones while driving, it is important to observe that not only does pose the danger of causing road accidents, it also increases the strength of microwave field in the vehicle. Recent studies have indicated that with the revolution of mobile phones, the number of brain cancer patients has increased all over the world. Additionally, children have not been left out of the dangers of radiations (Kumar Ahmad 85).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Negative effects of mobile phones on social interactions and personal well being specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Radiations of the mobile phones that normally affect the eyes, ears and the nose come from the microphone mouthpiece and the keypads that emit a high intensity of microwave radiation. The impact of radiations affecting the brains comes from constant placing of the phone near the ears (Glotz, Bertschi Locke 193). It is important to note that safety concern comes from long term usage and lack of appropriate safety measures while using the phones. The potential dangers posed by mobile phones have greatly affected the society (Baron 12). In he research studies carried out in 2010, a bigger percentage of individuals complained about safety issues around phone usage (Kumar Ahmad 85). By contrast, the remaining percentage liked mobile phone usa ge due to its convenience which perhaps exceeded safety concerns. The safety concerns raised plays a significant social role of threatening lives of people by posing several health hazards (Rà ¶Ãƒ ¶sli 900). For instance, it triggers cell aging due to interference of the DNA structure by the microwave frequencies (Roosli 900). Functionality Mobile phones are gadgets that can be used to perform several functions. The systems of the phone contain mechanism for application utilization, management, representation and preprocessing. Another important is context acquisition where data can be obtained through the mobile phones via sensors (Bonde 154). This information can be accessed, used and distributed to friends and families. Other important functions of the mobile phones are in the user interface and the systems architecture (Baron 12). It is important to note that mobile phones physical attributes poses social interaction challenges which include lack of standardization in handset a nd lack of direct manipulation. Additionally, it may pose a challenge of small devise size, lack of standardization in software design, functionality of rich devise and the context of use (Burgess 140). Retrieving of data for the mobile phone users who depend on its functionality may create a huge challenge. In the research studies carried out in Japan on whether individuals liked the mobile phones for its functionality and physical attributes, 28.5% appreciated its function (Calabrà ² Magazu 611). The rest did not. In Korea, most individuals had sophisticated handsets and due to these, a greater percentage liked the physical attributes (Bryant Oliver 595). Those who did not could have evaluated the legal, social and technical challenges of the attributes. Some of the ringtones could create ambient noise or distraction where attention is needed. Additionally, depending on the quality of features of a mobile phone, individuals may not like the cost of buying them as they would be e xpensive (Burgess 140). Evaluations / assessment Research studies have indicated that one of the issues affecting mobile phone users comes from the way they evaluate it. For instance, the responses for those who liked their mobile after taking an evaluation was less higher than those who did not like with 20.2% and 35% respectively.Advertising Looking for critical writing on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Individual in Japan and other nations who liked their phones did so due to its mobility (Bonde 154). They were able to carry their phones around with the workplace or at home. Also, it was convenient for them to use it. Mobile phones were easy to use and could be used anywhere and at anytime. Furthermore, it was practical to use (Bryant Oliver 595). It was easy to access information and not complicated. On the other hand, individuals who did not like the phones feared having to carry it around all the time (Laura Claire 6). Additionally, information stored in the phone memory can get lost and this can cause panic and stress. Moreover, they did not like the fact that it causes dependency (Gelbrich 44). Most individuals get emotionally attached to their phones creating a sense of dependence. Lastly, some considered it annoying especially due to bad connection and transmission issues (Baron 12). Expense/cost Mobile phones usage in the entire world has increased tremendously and as a development tool, it has helped countless poor people to overcome institutional hurdles (Ling 254). In every sector of the society, it has been used by individuals, nations and continents to revolutionize societies and businesses (Laura Claire 6). Additionally, economic performances of most nations have been boosted by its usage thereby making them better off in terms of development. However, it’s not so many people that appreciate its abilities due to the costs incurred in making phone calls (Roosli 900). Cost of using its services has become the greatest barrier to recognizing its benefits. In 2010, research studies indicated that many individuals complained about cost factor (Glotz, Bertschi Locke 193). For instance, 18.1% of Japanese expressed their dislike of mobile phones due to cost and in Italy a disgruntled 13.7% complained of the cost (Gelbrich 44). The greatest barrier in Italy and Japan to mobile usage and integration was the cost as some had to pay their own bi lls or their parents were unwilling to cater for the cost as they were shouldering other expenses like paying college fees (Bryant Oliver 595). In the analysis, it was realized that the costs could be high due to regulations hence across the countries cost issues proved challenging (Burgess 140). It is important to note that among the populations that were unable to afford the costs, mobile phones became less accessible and those who accessed could only call at night when the tariffs are low (Laura Claire 6). Cost issues affect communication of individuals and the benefits that come with keeping in touch. High cost of mobile phone communication undermines growth. The high cost of could be due to regulation issues such as taxes for special communication, service activation fees and so on (Eltiti 115). These determine the individuals’ like or dislikes of phone and plays an important role in affecting their well being. Cost issues wary mobile phone users and chokes the benefit s of technology that would have otherwise made people better off (Gelbrich 44). Conclusion To sum up, even though the use of mobile phones has created social relationships and richer friendships, it is worth noting that the negative physiological and psychological effects that affect individuals well being have also increased. There have been subsequent declines in family communications and social circles. Individuals who cannot access mobile phones have been subjected to periods of loneliness and depressions. Additionally, due to cost, evaluation, communication and function issues affecting mobile phone users, research studies indicate that these have been daily life stressors affecting their social involvement and psychological well being. Works Cited Baron, Naomi. The Dark Side of Mobile Phones. (2010): 1-35. Bonde, Peter. â€Å"Male reproductive organs are at risk from environmental hazards.† Asian Journal of Andrology 12.2 (2010): 152-156. ProQuest Medical Library, ProQu est. Web. Bryant, Jennings Oliver, B. Mary. Media effects: advances in theory and research, New York: Routledge. 2009. Burgess, Adam. Cellular phones, public fears, and a culture of precaution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2004. Calabre, Emanuele, Magazu. Salvatore â€Å"Inspections of Mobile Phone Microwaves Effects on Proteins Secondary Structure by Means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.† Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and  Applications 2.11 (2010): 607-617. ProQuest Science Journals, ProQuest. Web. Eltiti, Stacy. â€Å"Does Short-Term Exposure to Mobile Phone Base Station Signals Increase Symptoms in Individuals Who Report Sensitivity to Electromagnetic Fields? A Double-Blind Randomized Provocation Study. † Environmental Health Perspectives 115.11 (2007): 1603-1608. ProQuest Medical Library, ProQuest. Web. Gelbrich, Ketja. â€Å"Beyond just being dissatisfied: how angry and helpless customers react to failures when using self-service t echnologies.† Schmalenbach Business Review: ZFBF 61.1 (2009): 40-59. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. Glotz, Peter, Bertschi, Stefan Locke, Chris. Thumb culture: the meaning of mobile phones for society, London: Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, 2005 Kumar, Vijay Ahmad, Mushtaq. â€Å"Harmful effects of mobile phone waves on blood tissues of the human body.† Eastern Journal of Medicine 15.3 (2010): 80- 89. Laura, I. Langbein Claire, L. Felbinger, Public program evaluation: a statistical guide, New York: M.E Sharpe, Inc. 2006. Ling, S. Richard. Mobile communications: re-negotiation of the social sphere, London: Springer-Verlag Ltd, 2005. Roosli, Martin. â€Å"Systematic review on the health effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile phone base stations. † World Health Organization. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 88.12 (2010): 887- 903. This critical writing on Negative effects of mobile phones on social interactions and personal well being was written and submitted by user East0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

About Multiple Sclerosis

About Multiple Sclerosis Free Online Research Papers Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic disease that can be potentially deadly. Also called MS, it affects your central nervous system and the myelin shield. The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The myelin shield is a soft, white, fatty substance that shields the nerves (Rosner, 1897). MS occurs when the myelin shield breaks down and scar tissue replaces it. This slows and sometimes blocks the signals from flowing through the nerves to their correct destination. This often results in the dysfunctionality of many important functions such as, vision, strength, or coordination. Most people with MS experience their first symptoms around 30 or 40 years old, after the myelin shield has broken down. MS can include many relapses, because since the myelin shield repairs itself the symptoms go away but the MS is still there and it breaks down the shield again causing even more scar tissue, resulting in worse symptoms. Twice as many women are affected by MS than men. Some people live their whole life with MS and do not know it, While others may be paralyzed and end up bed-ridden or in a wheelchair in just a couple of months after the first signs of symptoms. There are many symptoms of MS. They are very diverse. Just because you may be experiencing one or more of a MS symptom, it does not mean you have MS. Some symptoms are common and may be a sign of another serious disease or disorder. However, if you are experiencing any symptoms, you should contact your doctor immediately. Some common or odd symptoms of MS are Proprioceptive Dysfunction- Loss of awareness of location of body parts, Erectile Dysfunction, Depression, Anxiety, and Dysdiadochokinesia- Loss of ability to produce rapidly alternating movements, for example to move to a rhythm. There are many treatment options for MS, but no real cure. Lots of the available treatments or medications are shots. There are some pills, but like most conditions, rest, exercise, and a healthy diet cannot hurt. Most of the medications either help your muscles relax or reduce nerved tissue inflammation. Research Papers on About Multiple SclerosisThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Spring and AutumnGenetic EngineeringOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThree Concepts of PsychodynamicWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Lightweight vs. heavyweight construction and their implication to Essay

Lightweight vs. heavyweight construction and their implication to energy efficiency in non-domestic buildings - Essay Example Since the effectiveness of the above strategies is related to the thermal mass of the building, the selection of the construction type is crucial. Considering that each type of construction has advantages and disadvantages in terms of energy efficiency, it is difficult to indicate which type of construction is likely to be more effective. Nevertheless, energy efficiency may be achievable when the advantages of both types of construction are exploited. It is well known that, almost half of the delivered energy is being used by buildings (Bellew, 2000). Energy is consumed in buildings for space and water heating, lighting, ventilation, air conditioning systems and general electrical services (Nicholls, 2002). In order to meet the above description, which is necessary both for survival and adequate levels of comfort it is important to consider the type of construction that consumes energy efficiently. In addition to this, the aim of this paper is to assess the methods used in each type of construction - lightweight or heavyweight- in order to provide efficient energy performance in conjunction with comfort in buildings. Energy efficient buildings are characterised by maximum utilization of natural means that result in minimised energy demand for heating, ventilation, cooling and lighting (Goulding & Lewis, 1994). According to this, methods such as natural ventilation, passive cooling, day lighting and effective use of external (solar) and internal heat gains are the main natural means that define energy efficient buildings. It is also important mentioning that, energy efficiency is specified by the effective use of natural means on the fabric of the building. As such, natural means present different performance when reacting with different fabrics. Nonetheless, energy efficiency of buildings is achievable when a well-managed combination of

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER - Essay Example Thesis statement: The stylistic features in the artwork named as Fox Games, by the renowned artist named as Sandy Skoglund, prove that the artist combined different elements of art (composition), provided importance to the usage of contrasting colors (color), the decision to use light/shadow determines the artwork’s visual beauty, perspective provides depth to the theme, figures help the viewers to evaluate the differences among different figures, pose elevates the artwork from predictability to originality, and gestures provide charm to the work as a whole. One can see that unity is the basic element of composition within visual art. As this term (composition) is superimposed into the scenario of the artwork-Fox Games (see appendix-1), is evident that the artwork can be easily detached as animate objects (fox and human beings) and inanimate objects (chairs, tables, chandelier, table cloth, food etc) and enjoyed differently. Still, there is a symmetrical connection among these visual elements in general. Similarly, the sense of movement is visible in the artwork because the foxes dominate the artwork as a whole. For instance, the presence of foxes is symbolic of fast movement, and the human images/figures in the artwork are symbolic of slow movement. On the other side, the chandelier is the focal point of the artwork and this is symbolic of the division between two worlds in general. The basic pattern within the artwork proves that the artist is obsessed with curved and straight lines. For instance, the basic proportion of the room is s ymbolic of straight lines and the table cloth (curved lines) and other elements are symbolic of the wise usage of pattern within the artwork. Similarly, Skoglund provides ample importance to proportion and the same is evident in the proportionate alignment of objects in the artwork. So, it is evident that the artist provides ample importance to composition, and the

Decisions in Paradise Part III Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Decisions in Paradise Part III - Essay Example Capital One plans to open in Kava four banking branches with full ATM infrastructure across the island and a customer service call center to serve Capital One’s global customers. Factors affecting implementation Several factors affect the implementation plans of Capital One at Kava. The firm needs to identify four possible locations for its banks. The company can either rent several buildings or built its own locations. A problem with constructing the buildings is that it takes time and the bad weather in Kava could cause further delays in the project completion time. The firm can rent the four buildings and perform internal layouts redesigns to prepare the banks following similar layouts used by Capital One in the United States. The company will need to recruit employees for its financial services operation and for the call center. The island may have a shortage of talent in technical fields such as finance and accounting. The firm can import talent from its global operations into Kava. The best option would be to transfer employees from its US operations to Kava. An advantage of this strategy is getting trained employees that know the corporate culture of the firm. A third factor that affect the implementation plan is cultural and language barriers. ... The right locations are necessary to achieve maximum customer traffic. The company has to set up the ATM network across Kava. It should take the company one month to complete installation of the ATM’s. The firm has to recruit the employees for both operations. The company needs approximately 50 workers for the banks and 200 employees to work at the call center. There is a shortage of talent in accounting and finance in Kava. The banks needs employees with a financial background to work in the branches. To solve that problem the firm will transfer employees from its United States branches. To motivate the US workers to apply for a transfer the firm will offer a $25,000 relocation incentive package. Financial incentives are a way to motivate employees (Tutor2u, 2011). The call center requires 200 employees. All the employees will be recruited from the internal talent pool of Kava residents. The recruiting process of employees has a timetable of two months. After hiring the emplo yees these workers need training. The training period for the bank workers is one month and the call centers employees will receive two weeks of training. Due to the unstable weather conditions and the possibility of shutdown due to natural disasters the firm needs to have good Internet infrastructure. The small size of the island makes this island a perfect candidate for the implementation of a Wi-Max network. A Wi-Max network is an IP based wireless broadband technology that can provide wireless access up to 30 miles for fixed station (Wimax, 2011). The Wi-Max network serves several purposes. The network will provide the company with reliable Internet connectivity at all times. The system will serve as an emergency channel for employees to use to connect the

Impact of Technology on Graphic Design

Impact of Technology on Graphic Design In our society technology is the dominant industry. In this essay I plan to look at how technology has impacted not only western society but in particularly graphic design since the digital revolution. We in the field of graphic design are particularly affected by technology although the digital age has increased possibilities for designers; it has also had a number of possible negative effects. I plan to look at both sides of the argument in detail and give examples of how they contrast with one another and yet in the right hands can be used together to create visually engaging pieces. In western society, we are in the middle of a technological revolution. As the world has become increasingly digital, there has been a change in the way people communicate, the way that they purchase items and the way that they socialize. This digital revolution has also contributed ti changes in graphic design over the last decade. Before the amalgamation of programs such as Adobe Photoshop, Quark Express and Autodesk Maya, we would never be able to see digital pieces of the complexity that we can currently see today. Not only has technology altered the way that work is created, it has also completely changed the way that we present our work. Today most designers have at least one form of online presence; be it a Facebook fan page, a twitter feed, a blog where they share their thoughts or even just a portfolio site where their work is showcased, many designers use the internet as their main source of publicity. It is due to the ability to show things, such as moving animation work or interactive multimedia pieces and the fact that designers can share a higher percentage of their work without limitations of size or quality makes using digital technology so appealing. With a traditional paper portfolio, it is rarely possible to accommodate all our workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.with a laptop we can take everything (Shaughnessy 2010) The use of portfolio sites has gained a great deal of attention in the world of graphic design. Although on one hand they are responsible for many artists gaining helpful critiques and exposure to a new audience, there is also a huge problem of plagiarism in the online community. One example of how websites like DeviantArt.com are abused is the case of Lara Jade. A photographer who published a selection of her work online, for others to enjoy. This was all very well until a viewer of her work messaged her to tell her that one of her self-portraits, taken at the age of fourteen was being used on the cover of a pornographic DVD.  [1]  actual refeerence It took three years of legal action for the distributers of the DVD to stop using her image as the cover, even after they were made aware of the copyright and the age of the cover star. Sites such as DeviantArt.COM are facing a backlash from their loyal supporters who have got to a stage where the amount of plagiarism has taken away the joy of uploading work. Many designers are simply not willing to let their work be stolen in exchange for a brief exposure to a website with 37% of their members being between 18-24. With so many members, DA is destined not only to be a target of plagiarists, but also a home for them. (Bailey 2007) Technology is also used predominately in the designing and creation of work in the graphic design field. Since the digital revolution, we have seen a massive change in the way that, for example, motion graphics is created. Programs such as Adobe After Effects have increased productivity in the motion industry as it allows designers to create animations in an extremely short amount of time compared to when they were traditionally analogue created. An example of this are the classic Disney animations such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Beauty and the Beast or The Lion King, all of which were created using traditional stocks cell animation,  [2]  with each frame having to be individually drawn. [Need to Expand] Looking further afield than at motion graphics specifically, we also see how other digital programs have increased workflow for many designers. Whereas before the digital revolution, many hours were spent with pencils arranging compositions, design mocks can now be creat ed in a very short amount of time by sketching straight onto a computer using a tablet input alongside an image program like Adobe Photoshop. By drawing straight onto the computer, cutting out the paper stage, we also see how sketches can be sent directly to our clients through e-mail or FTP  [3]  this allows our clients to see work in progress and for any changes to be made instantaneously. Look at eco benefits -you dont waste paper! The success of the Internet has also changed the way that designers find inspiration for their work. Where before the digital age designers scanned through history books for inspiration they now can type the theme that they are searching for straight into Google and instantly be given a wide selection of results. This has also led to an increase in the aforementioned plagiarism cases as search engines allow ideas to be easily seen by many, increasing the opportunity for them to be stolen with no concept of ownership. Another aspect of graphic design, which has changed with the increase in technology, is the way designers publicize pieces. Where before success relied heavily on word-of-mouth for designs to become popular and to be seen by people, nowadays there is the use of websites such as DeviantArt.COM, Linkdin.COM or Behance.NET instead. Websites like these have allowed artists on the other side of the world to view our work, which in turn has led to more commissions. QUESTOINAIRE EVIDENCE these websites have also incorporated people not usually associated with a particular field to become integrated within design. EXPLAIN we are seeing, even outside of design, an increase in sharing sites such as Flickr and stumbleupon. These websites load pages whose contents are rated by the viewers, who are given this information randomly. If your page is rated highly enough you will get more views from people interested in the same genres is that you are. Even in todays digital age the process of creating design usually still starts with pencil. QUESTIONNAIRE as proof these pencil sketches are primarily used to create compositions usually to be reworked each time to experiment with new ideas. From there the pencil sketches are usually scanned into the computer then moved to Photoshop to clean up lines. Using brush tools, the image is occasionally coloured from the Pantone selection then it is transferred to the printer where finishes can be applied to the piece. We have seen many designers who have incorporated both traditional and digital mediums into their work. The first designer to truly utilise a computer in terms of layout was April Greiman. Eskilson (2007) stated that Greiman was one of the first graphic designers make use of the powerful tools in a computer. He notes that Greiman did not view the computer as simply a functional tool but as something that had led her to experiment in a way that opened up new avenues of design. Expand As she started to gain popularity we started to see the origins of the techniques that we still used today. In her work she uses techniques in a way that creates chaos on our screens. The images look slightly intentionally like they purposely contain mistakes as a way of creating a sense of energy that was not seen in the other work of that time. Anaylse a piece of work, unpack moe layering of information enabled by the computer Today we are seeing an uprising against the over digitalized style work. We are seeing a rise in the popularity of traditional print-based media as designers are striving for the type of imperfection that was commonplace before the digital revolution. This can be seen today in many sources. Just one look at designs from todays creative area gives you the opportunity to see an abundance of textures and overlays used to create the implied use of traditional media. The problem of doing this is that creative directors can then why would a designer not just create traditionally? Instead of overlaying texture that leaves the viewer to believe that the image was screen printed why not just screen-print the image in the first place? EVIDENCE Dont let your perceptions of the what seems to be a tradition in the design community (or any other community for that matter) dictate how you go about your work (Ward 2010) In graphic design today people do not want to see lifeless art that looks digitalised. No longer does Western society want to see photorealism in design. QUOTE the creative industry is actively looking for a personal touch in each bit of design that is viewed which can be seenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Products are also seen gaining popularity in the design world, this is due to the unique hand rendered quality that gives the ability to touch the product that is paid for, rather than just being sent a digital imitation of the original file. With work in the digital age, there is no essence of work. It is lost with the lack of physical hard copy of each piece. In other words, the unique value of the authentic work of art has its basis in ritual, the location of its original use value. This ritualistic basis, however remote, is still recognizable as secularized ritual even in the most profane forms of the cult of beauty. (Benjamin 2008) With work created in a digital environment there is no such thing as an original. We can never be in ownership of an original copy of the digital piece of work, as it does not technically exist, but is simply a digital file. Replicas can be made extremely cheaply with digitally created work, all it takes is a printer connected to a computer to create a copy of any print that you create. The fact that work can be made quickly and cheaply makes art open to the masses. It leads to a less hieracial and more democratic art ownership. An example of this is Andy Warhol and his work with the portraits of Marilyn Monroe. He used a famous image of Monroe, by Gene Korman for the film Niagara, as the basis for a series of silkscreened images. Although Warhol did create his own work, he used the language of repetition to show how art can be mass produced. Although his work is produced on a huge scale, the work he creates is very rare and expensive. EXPAND- can print on many materials One of the most important developments of the digital age is communication. As designers we receive most of our work through electronic means be that e-mail, portfolio websites or just through forums. The use of e-mail has completely changed the way that designers communicate. WHY? Before the popularity of e-mail grew, designers were completely at the mercey of their clients. If clients telephoned, with regards to work, a company and no one answered the phone they would probably lose the commission. This contrasts today where a client can just send an e-mail to the company and it will be read, maybe not instantaneously but it means that the company had not missed work. With emails, we have the options for things like Out of office auto replies, which makes the client aware that it may not be responded to straight away but has been noted. One contrast about e-mails is that in this age they are not considered as a personal way of communication. We have lost the interaction with the cli ent as it is hard sometimes to portray your point or opinion through text. This could lead to confusion due to a piece of work not being to the specifications that the client could not express through typing. In Western society, many artists have utilised both traditional and digital mediums. These ideas show people how both mediums can come together in harmony to create an exciting pieces. One such artist is look at positives and negatives When we look at the digital revolution and consider how it has affected technology, we must look at the impact change has had on the digital side of graphic design. One area that shall be focused on, that is actively changed, is the area of motion graphics and animation. We have seen the art of the title sequence change over time. From its humble beginnings as a way of simply crediting the people who have been involved in the project, all the way through Saul Basss reinvention of titles being a way to introduce the story, to Kyle Cooper today creating visually stunning pieces that both incorporate and link to the main story. One title sequence that specifically stands out is that of the HBO TV series The Pacific. This title sequence takes us through charcoal drawings of the main characters, which in turn visually transform into live-action sequences of the character. This represents the change that the characters face throughout the series but also from a visual point, shows how trad itional and digital mediums can come together to create exciting visual experiments. Typography has also been reinvented with the use of motion graphics, we are now seeing static images of text being thrown across a screen in TV adverts and information broadcasts. The example of The Pacific is used so that the viewer can be taken through a journey from the chalk drawings to the live-action sequence. This may subliminally give the audience a connection between the past and present. The design of a title sequence such as The Pacific couldnt use digitalized work due to the context of the piece. The area of 3D graphics is another part of graphic design that has been reinvented by the emersion of digital technologies. From the very beginning of that change creativity and design was infused with the power of technology. (Hession 2010) Before the digital revolution 3D models were sculpted by hand and in films we had the use of puppets in place of what is today created by computer aided design. In films such as the original Star Wars, all the aliens and creatures were hand held puppets. These puppets were then held by different animators in the position the director wanted. Today it can be seen how the models have changed. Now it is common to see, in different companies across the film world, several designers in front of their computers using software such as 3DS Max or Maya to create the type of artefacts that would have never have been possible if created by hand. QUOTE although some hand created designs are exceptional pieces, by utilizing 3D software designers are able to m anipulate the character in ways never before possible. Models bigger than ever before-> Pixar work In other areas like computer game art, we see the necessity of 3D modelling software. To create interactive worlds and destructible environments designers rely on computer technology. WHY? Objects created with digital programs are a lot easier to create and control. Finding a location in real life where you can control the elements and lighting to create an atmosphere would be an impossible task. In computer games, designers need to create a whole world for the player to interact with By using 3-D software that designers can repeat visual items to save time and space on the disc. EXAMPLE The video game market is one of our societys highest grossing industries. Video games, once thought to be a fad, have worked their way into the fabric of international culture. At present, Sony has shipped more than 80 million PlayStations worldwide and Nintendo have sold more than 110 million game boys. When you look at the humble beginnings of the video game, from its Japanese playing cards roots to todays multi-million dollar industry we see how the digital revolution has changed the way millions of people interact with their computers. This is another example of the way the digital age has inadvertently changed the thinking of humanity forever. No longer are we restrained by our 9-to-5 jobs, when we can take on a second life in virtual reality. If a person has had a bad day at the office they can now load up the PlayStation3 and use it to take their anger out on people around the world by playing a first person shooter game. The area of illustration is one that although touched by the digital revolution, hasnt been changed completely by it. Quote it is still viewed as a traditional medium by artists due to the fact that most images are still hand rendered using inks and pencils. We do see digital illustrations but these make up a much smaller percentage of illustration when compared to the traditional illustration styles. One example is in the area of concept art. Here drawings are created loose and freely, by hand, as it easier for other artists to develop their own ideas onto a hand drawn image than it is to draw, scan and then email digital files. They can be jotted down on paper and simply handed over to another designer. It is after many changes and redrafts that concept art is then placed onto a computer and developed digitally from there. We see this technique with animated film from picture houses such as DreamWorks and Pixar and to an extent Disney animations. Images are drawn during brainstormi ng and if they are approved they are developed further by hand until they are passed onto the 3D development team. By using this process designers can make little changes to animations quickly and easier than it would be to render a whole scene using 3-D software. Even in this digital age there are many specialised traditional mediums in the forefront of design. In the area of print, such as mono-printing or silkscreen printing, there is currently an uprising in popularity in both traditional and hand rendered designs. By using techniques such as collaging we are seeing designers using a hands-on style of working. By working by hand, it allows designers to create one-off pieces or to create many individual unique pieces that add value when being resold. Example. The physical ownership is one of the main factors in purchasing of art. Mediums such as sculpture or paint still cannot be accurately replicated in the digital world, even with the recent advancements; there is no way for designers to be hands on with the medium they are using to create their piece. Interactivity is one of, if not the main benefactor of the digital revolution. We are now able to create pieces where people interact with the things they see on screen. This has opened up a whole range of ways that designers can involve the viewer in the piece. For example on a website now people can be made to click on the specific area that they want to see, if you want to see football results you could click on the football on a webpage and be taken straight to that specific site. Not only are people looking at work online, now they are actively involved in the piece. Saffer (2006) states that the reason for interactive design is to enable connections between people, that interactivity has made easier communications between themselves and the world. By looking at the sales figures of software like Adobe Flash we can see how popular interactivity has become. There are many websites and tutorials dedicated to flash-based gaming, as well as applications and advertisements and with their popularity we can see exactly how interactivity has become a pivotal part of graphic design. We are also seeing interactivity being spread to our mobile phones with the Android Marketplace, the Apple App store as well as brand specific mobile applications shops. It has been another source of revenue for interactive designers. Most interaction designers work on software, websites, and other technology like mobile devices. But interaction designers can also design services which have little to no technology in them. By services, I mean processes and ways of doing activities. (Saffer 2006)Talk about change Today, designers still look at illustration as a traditional aspect of design. It hasnt changed much over the last few years and more specifically since the digital revolution as much as other mediums of design have. We still see designers using traditional mediums such as paints and pencils to create their work where in the digital age it is all mouse and keyboard. There are good points to both traditional and digital illustrationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In the area of illustration, in one instance being comic art we are still seeing traditional illustrators and colourist being hired to produce their work on an international scale. One such artist is Sean Phillips, an illustrator and colourist who has worked for Marvel as well as his own independent books, which have been sold worldwide. Phillips still uses traditional mediums, such as watercolour paints, in his work this being unusual for a colourist. This gives him a unique selling point as many comic book colourists strictly stick to digital mediums due to a wide range of colours availability. Also ease of reproduction previously mentioned As a viewer of todays digitalised graphic design medium a question could be asked. Could design go back to a traditional media? Would todays illustrators be able to make a name for themselves without the digital media? Could designers who solely use e-mail as a source of communication be able to survive? Instead of using Adobe illustrator pen tool, would designers be able to manually trace objects before putting them on the final piece? Would designers be able to survive without the undo command? answer these questions One aspect of the digital age that is usually overlooked is the opportunity for designers to work anywhere in the world. No longer are designers stuck behind their desks working. With the growing popularity of laptops, and to a smaller extent notebooks, we are seeing designers being able to work anywhere in the world and still communicate with their home office. There are a number of freelance designers working on beaches or in the park without losing any commissions. This greater level of opportunity for designers to work in their own space has meant that no longer do companies need to hire in-house designers. This in turn has had a good effect on the industry as it means less money is being paid out to temporary workers who work in house at the company (quote) One question that must be asked with the arrival of the digital age in relation to graphic design is, has the Internet made a universal style of graphic design through the world? Whilst looking at digitally created work on the Internet, it is extremely hard to see the national style of the designer. When we look, for example, at architecture there is a difference between buildings made in Spain against those made in the UK. We see the different building materials available to the region at the time of construction play an important part in the building process. That is how we define individual buildings in one town from another; and in succession creates regional differences. This is not seen in graphic design as throughout the world everyone has the same tools. If a graphic designer in Argentina wants to create a piece using Adobe Illustrator they will have access to the same tools that a designer would have here. This means that although the actual idea may be involved in the desig ners culture its tools may not necessarily be so. Maybe as designers we have to look past the tools that are used. Builders create their style not only in the materials they use but the designs that building adhere to. A builder uses bricks but can create many different outcomes. Do designers use the constraights of software to cover the lack of originality in their ideas?Quote this is also due to postmodernism We are seeing a universal style throughout many areas of design not just limited to illustration. As Adobe has become the worldwide industry standard in design software, everyone is using the same programs to create their work, a question must be asked Are we restricted to the software limitations whilst creating? Have we lost individual artistic flair, as designers are unable to replicate the styles they use in digital software? Although we are starting to see traditional brush tools being produced in software such as Corel Painter since CS5 Photoshop, they are nowhere close to being able to create the same textures and brushstrokes that we can when using real brushes. In graphic design we see styles come and go like fashion. Every few years we see a cycle of designers coming from art school re-inventing certain styles. Recently design has left the photorealistic style of images replaced with a retro style bringing aspects from the 1980s with designers utilizing neon colours and strong polygon shapes. Todays illustrators wear their respective styles like an overcoat, and unless major changes in fashion occur overnight, they tend to keep that coat for many seasons, while adding accessories that keep you up-to-date. (Wiedemann 2010) We often see video game style art in this cycle. where the smoothed elements of the piece replicate a perfect world. It is in instances like this that digital arts is often seen as similar to traditional art where styles gain and lose popularity over time. These stylesin art are also a theoretical approach to understanding culture of a particular time. Individual styles can become movements, with each one developing and advanceing our understanding, not just visually but also the context of a piece. In western society use technology in everything we do. Listening to music at a train station on the way to work, checking the news on your phone in case anything interesting has happened. If we do not know something, we Google straightaway Wikipedia has replaced the encyclopaedia due to its instant results, which can be updated by the user. As technology advances we replace the old things with improvements. MySpace is not used due to the popularity of Facebook. Images are not held in photo books like they used to be but will be uploaded to Facebook profiles. The same with music now we download instead of buying physical items these are then stored on a hard-drive but what happens if a computer is broken down or stolen. We lose our paths, our memories and personal identities all are on the hardware that we have on our desks at home. Have we given our computers our personalities? Have they become more than just a storage solution? do we depend on technology to match? Kids cant even spe nd a day without their mobile phones.tv show evidence psychologists are saying that Next Generation has addiction to technology quote surely it doesnt help stress levels in our society to be able to be spoken to at any point in time. When do we get a chance to turn our brains off? With companies requesting their workers to use blackberrys it means that we have no time to ourselves as we are in contact with work 24 seven. It is not that we leave work at 6 PM anymore; it follows us on the way to our homes. Your boss will not hesitate to call you because you are on holiday. If you are sick you are still expected to work from just because you sneeze does not mean you cannot type on a spreadsheet!

Scarlet Letter Essay -- Literary Analysis, Hawthorne

Weak and powerless are so me of the words that describe women’s role in Puritan society. Men were the breadwinners and women were confined to the household. Most women lived their lives under the authority of men, but because of her unusual place in society Hester was able to overcome this. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne switches the typical male and female roles to prove that when given the opportunity, women can be strong and independent members of society. Hawthorne uses Hester’s reaction to her punishment of wearing the letter A, to show women can survive in society without being dependent on men. Additionally, Hawthorne uses Hester’s relationship with Chillingworth and Puritan authorities to represent how women can be dominant. Furthermore, Hawthorne breaks down normal gender characteristics by switching the typical male and female traits of the characters in the novel. Because Hester was able to take care of herself and Pearl socially and economically as a single mother, Hawthorne proves that women can survive in society without being dependent on men. Hawthorne states â€Å"The tendency of her fate and fortunes had been to set her free. The scarlet letter was her passport into regions where other women dared not tread† (137). Hester was an outsider in her community and was able to look at society and the world with a unique point of view. Unlike most women during the seventeenth century, Hester was not confined to the household and was not under the authority of a husband. Hester defies the stereotype that women are weak and frail and cannot survive on their own. Because Hester does not have a husband to provide for her and Pearl, she is forced to provide for her family economically. â€Å"She possessed an art that suf... ...y become active members of society, just like men, if they are allowed to be gender neutral. Hawthorne breaks down normal gender characteristics by switching the typical male and female traits of the characters in the novel to prove that when society allows women to be gender neutral they can be just as important and able members of society as men. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses Hester as a symbol of women’s liberation from male authority. Hawthorne believed women could be strong, independent and able members of society if only they were given the opportunity to prove themselves. Hester was a single mother that successfully provided for herself and her daughter and additionally stood up for herself when threatened by male authority. Hester is proof that when women are not under the restrictions of society they can be just as independent as men.

Prison Classification

Inmates first experience usually occurs in a classification or reception center, where they are given a battery of psychological and intelligence tests and are evaluated on the basis of their background, offense history, personality, and treatment needs. Some states have instituted rigorous classification instruments designed to maximize the effectiveness of placements, thereby cutting down on the cost of incarceration. Prison classification is a method of assessing inmate risks that balances the security needs of the institution with treatment needs the individual. Effective classification can reduce prison infractions and create a safer environment of both inmates and staff. External classification places an inmate at a custody level that will determine where he or she will be housed, internal classification determines the cell or housing unit, as well as the facility programs to which the prisoner will be assigned. External classification systems are now being used in all Federal and state prison systems in the United States. Internal classification systems focus on those decisions that are made for the incoming prison population. Georgia Department of Corrections has a special prison called Jackson diagnostic center. Georgia Diagnostic and classification prison is a Georgia Department of Corrections prison for men in unincorporated Butts County, Georgia, near Jackson. The prison holds the state execution chamber. The prison, the largest in the state, consists of eight cell blocks containing both double-bunked and single-bunked cells. The prison conducts diagnostic processing for the state correctional system, houses male offenders under death sentence, and carries out state ordered executions by lethal injection. The prison complex also contains a special management unit that houses some of the most aggressive and dangerous prisoners in the correctional system. The Georgia Diagnostic and classification prison serves as a central hub where sentenced felons begin the process of being admitted into the Georgia state correctional system. Many county jails are paid by the state to house the sentenced felons until space becomes available in the prison system. Based on published research statistics by the Georgia Department of Corrections, inmates who are being diagnosed and classified undergo a battery of tests and diagnostic questionnaires. Tests and diagnostic notions include: the culture fair IQtest; Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) (reading, math and spelling); scope of substance abuse (summary, detailed report); latest mental health treatment; PULHESDWIT medical scale; criminality, alcoholism, and/or drug abuse in immediate family; one or both parents absent during childhood; manipulative or assaultive tendency diagnostics; and criminal report with prior incarcerations and a full account of all previous and current offenses.

Marijuana and its effects on mental health

Marijuana and its effects on mental health Marijuana is a drug used commonly in the world among teenagers. The countries most affected are New Zealand, United States of America, Australia and several countries in Western Europe. It is estimated that around162 million people all over the world use marijuana and this represents 3.9 percent of the population worldwide (Sundram, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marijuana and its effects on mental health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is believed that the consumption of this drug is associated with several negative impacts on human health. Therefore, this paper seeks to analyze the epidemiological research study findings that will show the relationship between marijuana and its effects on mental health. Marijuana is a drug that is smoked like a cigarette. Studies show that the drug has adverse effects on the brain of the users. It has an active herbal component that is referred to as tetrahydrocannabina l that is known for its negative effects on cannabinoid receptors (Murray Bevins 2010). Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinal greatly affects the CB receptors. To understand the altering role of cannabis, it is necessary to understand that CB receptors are divided into CB1 and CB2. CB1 plays a variety of regulatory roles in the body and is found in many parts of the brain. On the other hand, CB2 receptors play the role of regulating the immune system. CB! Activates G-proteins then reduce the production of Calcium ions while increasing Potassium ion distribution. These processes lead to â€Å"†¦depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition† (Murray and Bevins, 2010, p. 266). This process generally leads to impeding of transmission from the presynaptic terminal.† Endogenous cannabinoid becomes more at the post synaptic stage causing further postsynaptic excitation. The effect of marijuana on the CB1 receptors have has great impacts on the daily activities of an individual . The synaptic processes are great factors in learning and the process of memorization. In precision, use of marijuana affects an individual’s memory and learning process through the impact of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinal component that affects the CB1 receptors. This happens through the inhibition of endocannabinoid signaling which is a prerequisite for the learning process that takes place in the cerebrum. Furthermore, the same endocannabinoid signaling is a prerequisite for the processes of memorization that take place in the amygdale (Murray, Morrison, Henquet Forti, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other studies have also pointed out that early stages of marijuana use leads to reduced blood flow to the brain. This is referred to as cerebral blood flow. However, the effect is not similar with experienced marijuana users of whom the study pointed out increa se in cerebral blood flow. As compared to placebo, the use of marijuana generally increased cerebral blood flow in the globe especially in the frontal lobe and the right hemisphere. Another study pointed out increased metabolism in the cerebral after induction of marijuana (OLeary, Block, Koeppel, Flaum, Schultz, Andreasen,Ponto, Watkins,Hurtig Hichwa,2002). Short-term memory is another victim of increased use of cannabis. According to Iversen (2003), several studies have been carried out and proved that short term memory is greatly impaired by increased use of cannabis. It has been proved that most users of marijuana faired poorly in tests that included attention. On other studies carried out on animals, it was clearly founded that THC which is the most active component of marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids and anandamide affect an individual’s short term memory. This was very evident also in tasks that involved spatial learning. He further shows that cannabinoids affect to a great extend the hippocampus. The effects of the use of marijuana can be comparable to those exhibited by the removal of this important part of the brain (Richardson, 2010). Cannabinoids impair with the ability of this part to process the sensory information through disrupting of the hippocampal circuits. There are other effects of marijuana on the brain that have not been scientifically proved. For instance, medical research on deceases associated with brains show that there is an increase in chances of having several of these deceases in individuals who smoke marijuana. For instance, Sundram (2006) argues that the use of marijuana can be associated with most of the common mental health problems. Among them are strong links between use of cannabis and depression. In addition, cannabis was also linked to anxiety, bipolar disorder, manic and hypomanic symptoms, psychosis et cetera.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marijuana and its effects on mental health s pecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his conclusion, it is clear that there is a complex relationship between the use cannabis and these mental diseases. However, it calls for further research because so far no clear causes have been identified. Even so, use of cannabis has been scientifically tested and proved to have exacerbate the symptoms of most of the mental diseases. Murray et al (2007) bring out another negative effect of marijuana on the brain. In their argument, they purport that use of marijuana negatively implicates on higher brain functions. This can be attributed to the effects of THC on the neocortex. Neocortex is affected by marijuana given the high concentration of CB1 in it. The effect of THC on pre and post synaptic processes is explained earlier in the paper. As a result of these, marijuana users tend to experience time moving faster than the normal speed at which the rest of the people experience. If asked t estimate the t ime spent during a period, they tend to over-estimate time. On the other side, if asked to give cue after an estimated period of time, they tend to give the cue after a shorter duration that outlined. Laaris, Good Lupica (2010) argue that marijuana has great effects on the hypothalamus. The endocannabinoid anandamide had been proved to be a great stimulant of food intake in animals. The study concluded that the hypothalamus contained the endocannabinoids which play an integral role in regulation of food intake. This points out that impairment of the CB1 receptors in the hypothalamus might have effects on the control of food intake. Use of marijuana (which is actually the injection of THC) inhibits the production of leptin and hence increases the appetite of the individual. This means that use of marijuana impairs with an individual’s ability to control food intake. In conclusion, research has clearly pointed out that use of marijuana has drastic effects on the functioning of the brain. The CB1 receptors which are very common in the brain when impaired can have negative effects on high level functioning of the brain, short term memory, food intake regulation, increase in cerebral blood flow and exacerbation of symptoms of mental health complications. All these effects of marijuana are caused by the Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinal, and other active chemical elements found in marijuana that alter the functioning of the CB1 elements in the brain. Although the use of marijuana has been associated with some few positive effects, the negative ones simply outweigh them.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is therefore important that an individual understands the effects that the drug has on their brain and how this impacts their day to day lives before making the decision of using marijuana. Reference List Iversen, L. (2003). Cannabis and the brain. Brain, 126, 1252-1270. Laaris, N., Good, C., Lupica, C. (201O).Tetrahydrocannabinol is a full at CB1 Receptors on GABA neuron axon terminals in the hippocampus.  Neuropharmacology, 59, 121-127. Murray, J., Bevins, R., (2010). Cannabinoid conditioned reward and aversion: Behavioral and neural process. ACS Chemical neuroscience, 1, 265 -278. Murray, R., Morrison, P., Henquet, C., Forti, M. (2007). Cannabis, and mind the Society: the hash realities.Science and society, 8, 885. OLeary, D., Block, R., Koeppel, J., Faum, M., Schultz, S., Andreasen, A., Ponto, L.,Watkins, G., Hurtig, G., Hichwa, R. (2002). Effects of smoking marijuana on perfusion and cognition. Neuropsychopharmacology, 26(6), 802-816. Richardson, T. (2010). Cannabis us e and mental health: A review of recent epidemiological research. International journal of pharmacology, 6(6), 796-807 Sundram, S., (2006).Cannabis and neurodevelopment: implications for psychiatric disorders. Human psychopharmacology, 21, 245.

How to Ride the Euphemistic Treadmill

How to Ride the Euphemistic Treadmill How to Ride the Euphemistic Treadmill How to Ride the Euphemistic Treadmill By Mark Nichol How do you refer to a person or people with characteristics outside the perceived norm? Why should you do so at all? Describing a person as belonging to a certain race or ethnic group or having a physical or mental disability, or commenting on a provocative or embarrassing topic, is a challenge on more than one level. Linguist and cognitive science Steven Pinker has called the first level of challenge â€Å"the euphemistic treadmill,† a form of pejoration (a shift of meaning to a negative connotation or a less sophisticated sense) or semantic change (an alteration of meaning). A word caught on the euphemistic treadmill is one that replaced an offensive or pejorative term but has itself become unfavorable. For example, the primary mode of reference to people in the United States of relatively recent African extraction (I employ modifiers here because all humans ultimately derive from Africa) has transformed repeatedly through recent history. Even now, no one term is universally preferred: â€Å"African American† and black (or Black) seem to be equally popular, and many publications use the terms interchangeably, but the otherwise obsolete (and offensive) term colored persists as well in the name of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and some black people use the otherwise inexcusable word nigger in a neutral manner but are insulted if someone of another race utters it. In terms of condition rather than color, handicapped supplanted crippled as a description supposedly more respectful of those described, but many people, both members of that class and others, consider handicapped itself insulting because it, like crippled, emphasizes that people so described do not have the capabilities other people possess. (Similarly, writers are urged to avoid connotations of victimization: Write â€Å"Jones uses a wheelchair,† for example, rather than â€Å"Jones is bound to a wheelchair.†) A more recent trend has been to employ a people-first perspective, in which someone is described as â€Å"a person with disabilities,† rather than â€Å"a disabled person,† though some groups and movements reject this approach as a misguided politically correct complication. Why do these subjects have to be so complicated? We’re all genetic mongrels anyway, so why even refer to one’s race or ethnic origin? And why is it considered appropriate to comment on a person’s physical or mental condition at all? Of course, such descriptions are not always necessary, and they should be omitted when they’re irrelevant. But, for better or worse, ethnic identity and physical or mental ability is often pertinent to a discussion. So, we’re back to where we started how should a writer describe an individual or a community or group when such a detail is warranted? If you’re writing for a specific publication or for an organization, investigate whether it has a pertinent style or policy. If the subject matter is dealt with in a style guide or a handbook (for example, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association), use that resource as a guide. Otherwise, if your subject is an individual, or the content describes an individual, ask that person. If that approach is not feasible, search the individual’s own documentation (such as a personal website or a blog on which the person describes himself or herself). In the case of a community or a group, seek guidance from a representative or, again, research original documentation for example, a print or online publication. Whatever you do, if it’s appropriate, integrate into your content as seamlessly as possible your rationale for using potentially controversial or less-than-universal terminology. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. Programme50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersOne Scissor?

Desition making Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Desition making - Case Study Example Operating several subsidiaries expanded production in the market. Steve Rendl, the assistant accountant manager for the Commercial Equipment Financing Division of GE Capital Canada, reviewed a loan request for $270,000. Rendl had to decide on the loan request then pass it for approval by the senior account manager (Silk and Grasby 135). The loan issued to the tune of $30,000 to $1 million to purchase transport trucks, trailers, paving equipment and heavy machinery. The company was under duress to make much profit applying the selling strategy of find, Win, and Keep new and existing clients. The company’s client Clark Carriers Ltd intended to purchase two new Freightliner transport trucks, and four new 53-foot trailers and mobile satellite by submitting the loan request. The company had a large customer base in North and Latin America, Europe as well as Asia-Pacific region. With the net earnings of over US$15 billion, Capital was the major competitor in every market field achieving record net earnings of US$3.6 Billion. The Company expects 20 percent after –Tax profit from its subsidiaries, and if the profit falls below 20 percent, there must be justification for that. The transportation industry in southern Ontario had been profitable from 1985 to 1988 until a massive recession in 1989.The Company faced numerous tribulations during the recession going bankrupt and lowering the prices to remain

Discuss the effectiveness of the way Conservation Areas are Coursework

Discuss the effectiveness of the way Conservation Areas are identified, protected and managed in the context of the aim to protect and enhance character and appearance - Coursework Example Identifying a conservation area takes a number of ways. One of the ways involves looking into historic characterization of an area in relation to development threats. The history outlays the initial plan that explains the special characteristics that could have been attached to the area (Mokany, et. al., 2014, p. 1) The other way is inviting the residents in identifying the characteristic of the area, that is most important to them, because of the historical association only understood by them (English Heritage, 2012, p.4). The evidence gathered on such characterization advice the local authority to articulate the special interest and support such an area has before appraising the place to a conservation area. Appraisal thus expresses the exact element that makes the area have a special quality to be conserved. Appraising an area before designating for conservation is used as a key to understanding the area’s characteristics that are necessary for planning and decision making. The authorities involved, through the appraisal process, gets to analyze the usable parts of the area to be conserved as well as evaluate the necessary beneficial changes that can be adopted (Buchanan, Donald, Butchart, 2011, p. 1). The authorities then develop a management plan on how the area can be restrained from development changes capable of eroding the characteristics under conservation (Forest Stewardship Council, 2008, p.1). Conservation area designation is based on a number of historical and architectural interests. Part of the interests focus on sections in an area where there is a higher number of heritage assets (Cowan, 2004, p.7). The assets could be nationally or community designated. Historic associations may include historical architectural styles or building materials still visible in the modern planning patterns. The value attached to any of the traits lead to conservation either by